Day 32 – Q 2.The experience of decolonisation post 1945 in Africa and Asia stand in sharp contrast to each other. Critically comment.
2. The experience of decolonisation post 1945 in Africa and Asia stand in sharp contrast to each other. Critically comment.
अफ्रीका और एशिया में 1945 के बाद उपनिवेशवाद ख़त्म होने के अनुभव एक दूसरे के विपरीत हैं। समालोचनात्मक टिप्पणी करें।
Introduction:
Decolonization refers to an Act of getting rid of colonization. Between 1945 to 1960 dozens of Nations in Asia and Africa achieved Independence from European Masters after a long struggle.
Body:
Asia and Africa’s struggle for independence stand in sharp Contrast to each other:
- Spillover effect: In Asia starting from India, majority of nation got independent within few years but in Africa it continued for decades.
- Peaceful Transition: There were no large scale violence in Asia but in Africa it resulted after civil and Ethic wars.
- Discrimination: Religious and Caste based discrimination was highlight of Asia. In Africa it is racial Discrimination which was dominant.
- Democratic System: In Asia after independence, democracy prevailed except Pakistan but most of former colonies of Africa fell into Dictatorship.
- Cold war: Cold war fights reached the borders of Asia but it had least effect in Africa.
- Sovereignty: Most of Asia gained sovereignty in its external and internal matters but still Colonial influence exists in Africa. Ex: French intervention in Chad, Mali etc.
- Border Demarcation: National boundaries were demarcated based on Religious and Geographical lines but it was absent in Africa where still Civil war is going on for nation based on Ethnicity.
- Developing Economies: Most of Asian Nations followed path of Development and have achieved certain level of economic development unlike in Africa which falls under least Developed nation categories except some regions.
There are certain similarities in both of their struggles:
- Inspirations: Both continents derived inspiration from Western Educated elites like Mahatma Gandhi, Nehru, Sardar Patel, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah etc.
- Administration: Both country still follows European institutional systems in Administration like Bureaucracy and Judiciary.
- War: War followed in both continents after independence like Indo-Pak wars, Vietnam Wars, Arab-Israel wars, Algerian wars etc.
Conclusion:
Decolonization was a result of pressure from newly emerging world powers like US and USSR. UN also played a big role in peaceful transition. But new problem has emerged in name of Globalization which is being termed as US led Neo-Colonization.
Best Answer: DeerHunter
