Day 49 – Q 4.Why do Indian scientists and researchers migrate to developed countries? What can be doe to control this brain drain? Suggest.
4. Why do Indian scientists and researchers migrate to developed countries? What can be doe to control this brain drain? Suggest.
भारतीय वैज्ञानिक और शोधकर्ता विकसित देशों में क्यों पलायन कर जाते हैं? इसको नियंत्रित करने के लिए क्या किया जा सकता है? सुझाव दें।
Synopsis:
Brain Drain: The immigration of highly trained or qualified people from their native place to some other country.
Brain Drain in India is very much of a reality today, especially scientists and researchers who migrate to developed countries. India and China are the two top most countries that suffer from it although very differently but it effects other parts of the world including The United States. This is the 21st century, the era of globalization, where we are all free to go and live in any country we want, that is our legal right.
- Brain Drain involves immigration of trained and highly skilled human labour away from a place that needs it the most, in the quest for financial gain or career advancement.
- According to the research done by IIM Banglore, the total percentage of brain drain in India has increased by 256% fold in a single decade or may be less.
- On Global scale, it can be seen that there is increase in migration outflow during 1990’s from Asia to USA, Canada, Australia, and UK due to result in hike of demand of IT professionals and skilled brains in Science & Technology along with immigration policies that favours a bunch of skilled and qualified technocrats.
- In developing countries like India, Brain Drain results in high percentage, because the race for getting a share in the world class institutions has hiked, and the alarming rate cut off goes to almost 100%.
Reasons behind migration at alarming rates are:
- Humans have always moved in search of more suitable opportunities in history & development of nation states could only regulate it to an extent.
- Inadequate institutions which have been marked with global exposure, facilities, faculties and equipment
- Not enough competent environment and unskilled brains
- Political instability
- Lack of opportunities
- High salaries in western countries
- IPR issues in India are one of the main reasons for the researchers as well as others to migrate from here.
Steps need to be taken to control brain drain:
- Cutting edge research & ecosystem in the developed countries is an attraction & offers opportunities for individuals to quench their thirst for knowledge. This coupled with relative lack or shortage of qualified manpower there act as pull factor
- Relative lack of equivalent opportunities & relative excess of qualified manpower act as push factor.
- Encourage private players into the research as well as provide them more funds as well as there is a need for assurance for getting IPR in a shorter period.
- Need to encourage state governments and local governments to fund for research for their local problems that way emotional touch will also be there to do research for their own people.
- Our universities and laboratories need to collaborate and it will create an atmosphere which will help scientists to get in hands with best machinery as well as best brains from the universities.
There have been some measures in the past to arrest brain drain at least in the top knowledge section, if not entire high skilled spectrum. Some examples include:
- The “Scientists’ Pool” by Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- The Ramanujan Fellowships by Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India
- The INSPIRE Scheme of Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India
- VAJRA: Visiting Advanced Joint Research Faculty scheme by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) which enables NRIs and overseas scientific community to participate and contribute to research and development in India. The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), a Statutory body of the Department will implement the Scheme.
- Mentor India Campaign: Mentor India is aimed at maximizing the impact of Atal Tinkering Labs. The idea is to engage leaders who will nurture and guide students in the Atal Tinkering Labs. These labs are non-prescriptive by nature, and mentors are expected to be enablers rather than instructors
Conclusion:
It is no more a brain drain in a highly networked world and a sharing economy. Further the brain drain also gives a lot of soft power to India. We need not be too worried about brain drain and instead should work on providing the best facilities to the people who are staying back.
Best answer: GOG
